Free Education Changes the Game for Students, Colleges

Rising tuition costs.  Waiting lists at many community colleges.  Dwindling savings.  Shrinking availability of financial aid at many colleges.  Fewer jobs available after graduation. Sound familiar?  In these tough economic times, access to higher education has become increasingly challenging.  Coupled with a tough job market, these grim realities have prevented many students from completing their college degree.

In the face of these realities, a wide array of institutions and governments are working to create free online courseware for students of all ages and stages.  With efforts ranging from interactive, discussion based courses to ready-made study materials, organizations ranging from M.I.T.  to the United Nations are joining the movement.  As computer and web-literacy continue to spread across countries, generations and income levels, these online courses become ever more feasible and valuable.

As access to knowledge becomes increasingly open and low-cost, higher education institutions must examine ways in which they can adapt to this new reality.  If free online courseware becomes widely accredited, what benefits can traditional universities offer to their students?  As endowments shrink and more required courses are taught through a large, impersonal lecture hall format, the benefits become even harder to define.  At this juncture, it is critical for colleges and universities to focus on the essentials: brand, reputation, classroom experience, extracurricular activities, social opportunities and that elusive must-have – the delivery of a transformational experience.

In the Future, the Cost of Education Will Be Zero

July 24th, 2009 | by Josh Catone

computer-learningThe average cost of yearly tuition at a private, four-year college in the US this year was $25,143, and for public schools, students could expect to pay $6,585 on average for the 2008-09 school year, according to the College Board. That was up 5.9% and 6.4% respectively over the previous year, which is well ahead of the national average rate of inflation. What that means is that for many people, college is out of reach financially. But what if social media tools would allow the cost of an education to drop nearly all the way down to zero?

Of course, quality education will always have costs involved — professors and other experts need to be compensated for their time and efforts, for example, and certain disciplines require expensive, specialized equipment to train students (i.e., you can’t learn to be a surgeon without access to an operating theater). However, social media can drastically reduce much of the overhead involved with higher education — such as administrative costs and even the campus itself — and open source or reusable and adaptive learning materials can drive costs down even further.


The University of the People


One vision for the school of the future comes from the United Nations. Founded this year by the UN’s Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technology and Development (GAID), the University of the People is a not-for-profit institution that aims to offer higher education opportunities to people who generally couldn’t afford it by leveraging social media technologies and ideas.The school is a one hundred percent online institution, and utilizes open source courseware and peer-to-peer learning to deliver information to students without charging tuition. There are some costs, however. Students must pay an application fee (though the idea is to accept everyone who applies that has a high school diploma and speaks English), and when they’re ready, students must pay to take tests, which they are required to pass in order to continue their education. All fees are set on a sliding scale based on the student’s country of origin, and never exceed $100.Read more…

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Retention & First Generation College Students

For many students, the road to college is a familiar one. Many graduating high school students have heard their parents reminisce for years about their college days and provide advice about how to succeed. For most, college isn’t merely a privilege: it’s an expectation, a necessary step on their career path.

This is not, however, the reality for all students. Nationally, around 30% of all graduates are the first in their family to attend college. The vast majority of these students are low-income, and many face passive reactions or even opposition from their family when they decide to attend college. If the United States hopes to reach Obama’s goal of having the highest proportion of college graduates in the world, this population is especially important: only eleven percent of these graduates actually finish college within six years.

How should higher education institutions support and retain these students?  As many first-generation students enter college without the support network that other students have, colleges and universities must work hard to create in-house networks for these students. The University of Cincinnati provides one excellent model: help students with study skills, time management, the college transition and – especially key – dealing with their families during this new and confusing time.

While some might argue that such efforts – special housing for first generation students, additional coursework, staff support – would be exceptionally expensive, I would argue that higher education institutions cannot afford to ignore these students and let them drop out. Consider the situation from a business perspective: if you knew that you would have a 27% customer attrition rate, wouldn’t you focus your resources and efforts at lowering this number? Of course, it makes sense to also consider this issue from a social perspective: what impact, what new achievements would be possible for the US if we helped these highly motivated, resilient and tenacious young students develop to their fullest potential?

Second Home for First-Gens

COMFORT ZONE The Gen-1 Theme House at the University of Cincinnati gives first-generation freshmen a place to settle in to college life.

As thousands of low-income, first-generation freshmen flock to campus in the next two months, many, despite their intelligence and optimism, will arrive only to be gone in an academic eye blink. Just 11 percent of them earn a bachelor’s degree after six years, according to the Pell Institute, compared with 55 percent of their peers.

That fact was frustrating administrators at the University of Cincinnati, where more than 40 percent of its 5,000 freshmen this fall will be the first in their families to go to college. In its mission to get low-income, first-generation students through its doors, the university was succeeding. But once in, many were failing.“These students find themselves on campus, and overwhelmed quickly,” says Stephanie A. Cappel, the executive director of Partner for Achieving School Success, a center devoted to university-community partnerships and outreach programs.“They don’t even know what questions to ask.”

Read more…

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Technology and 21st Century Student Engagement

Results from a few pilots show that technology in the classroom has a significant effect on student engagement, active learning and the connection between class work and real-world applications.  In North Carolina, the state funded a pilot of technology-based teaching at Greene Central High.  Before the program, students went to college at the rate of 26%.   Now, after the program has been in place for a few years, the rate of college-placed seniors is 94%.   The school has other strategies in place to augment student success, but the principal credit the emphasis on technology as huge driver of these marked outcomes.

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Students Rap Their Way to Achievement, Global Awareness

Back in 2008, students at the Ron Clark Academy became overnight celebrities after their politically-themed rendition of T.I.’s “Whatever You Like” attracted milliions of views on YouTube.  The students, who penned the song “You Can Vote However You Like” to emphasize that voters should choose a candidate based on their political opinions and not on their race, were famous for their singing, dancing and rhyming skills.

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What Do California’s Budget Cuts Mean for Higher Ed?

As California struggles to solve its budget crisis, the most recent proposal for higher education includes 20% funding cuts to two public universities and the state’s community colleges.  While stimulus funds will likely ease the blow for the short run, this move raises major questions about state support for higher education moving forward.  While touchstone, populous states like California and Florida struggle with budget concerns, staff cuts and funding reductions, the remainder of the country is keeping a close eye on what direction these states take.  How will higher education institutions compete in an era of lean funding, dramatically declining major donations, and students who can no longer afford the same price tag for their postsecondary degree?

Consider another example: Texas, with its lean spending and budget surplus.  Texas taken quite a different road: dramatically reducing spending on state education support.  While Texas is lauded by many as an example of balanced funding during tough times, some are concerned that their minimal support for higher education will have profound reverberations on students and their future success.

According to an editorial by the Dallas Morning News,

“A globally competitive workforce requires workers who not only graduate high school but who have the kind of higher educational options that pack their brains with the high-tech knowledge that their parents and grandparents never envisioned. Texas’ demographics are changing, and pretending the low-tax, low-spend model will work forever would be as unwise as the opposite approach, which brought California to its knees. Texas also should leverage its current economic strength to recruit the best minds available to do and show how.”

With so many states located in the gray area of budget woes between California and Texas, it is critical to think beyond the bounds of the federal stimulus funds for education.  Can we continue to cut funding for higher education and still achieve our goals of higher enrollment in post-secondary institutions and a more globally competitive workforce?

In California Budget Deal, Bad News for Colleges in 2010

California officials reached a budget agreement late Monday that in closing a $26-billion gap will cause immediate damage to the state’s colleges and universities, leading to restricted admissions, reduced salaries for faculty and staff members, and sharply higher tuition.But the full effect of this year’s budget cuts will not be felt until 2010, when federal stimulus money is expected to dwindle or disappear and the state’s public institutions will face their most difficult financial decisions in decades.

Under the budget plan announced last night, the state will cut its support for California State University and the University of California by about 20 percent in the 2009-10 fiscal year. Community colleges will also see a cut in state support of about 20 percent, the largest in its history. The State Legislature is expected to approve the plan later this week.

For now, federal stimulus money will partially mask those cuts. But when the stimulus money recedes, this year’s budget will lead to sharply lower levels of support than the state’s prominent public universities are used to, college officials said.

“What is saving us in the short run could be setting us up for big problems in subsequent years,” said Robert Turnage, assistant vice chancellor for budget at California State University.

More…

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Department of Education Stresses Job Skills

Today’s article discusses the link between education policy and the skills needed for a successful career.  As Martha Kanter clearly knows, students are too often allowed to leave school without the necessary emotional, social and practical tools to be effective in the world of work.  The sweeping movement towards educational standards in the United States must include skills and metrics that stretch far beyond test scores and graduation rates – and Kanter’s efforts to link labor and education are a step in the right direction.

 In order to be successful, students need critical thinking skills, an awareness of their gifts and talents, the emotional intelligence to build up a network of supporters and the internal motivation and maturity to make a positive impact both in the classroom and in the workplace.  LifeBound’s Critical and Creative Thinking for Teenagers helps students develop all of these skills through the lens of medicine, nature, entrepreneurship and other core subjects.  Learn more here: http://lifebound.com/lifebound-books/critical_creative_thinking.html

Job Training Is Stressed at Education Dept., State Leaders Are Told

By SARA HEBEL
Santa Fe
, N.M.

Martha J. Kanter, the U.S. under secretary of education, told state higher-education leaders gathered here on Wednesday for their annual meeting that she would make improving job training a priority.

 

She said she wanted to better align federal education and labor programs that often operate in isolation from one another even though they have complementary goals of preparing people for the work force.

 

“I really want to marry work and education in a more systematic way,” Ms. Kanter said. More than half of the nation’s college students work while they are enrolled, she said, and federal policy does not do enough to make sure they can effectively balance work and study.

 

Ms. Kanter spoke to the State Higher Education Executive Officers’ meeting on her 15th day in office. In those first few weeks, she said, she had already met three times with officials at the Department of Labor. Today she and Jane Oates, the Labor Department’s assistant secretary for employment and training administration, will appear together before a Senate subcommittee on employment and work-force safety to discuss their priorities for revamping the Workforce Investment Act, which provides money for job training at community colleges and elsewhere.

 

As an example of the disconnect in the current system, Ms. Kanter cited a federal youth-employment program. She said money was distributed through local Workforce Investment Boards without any emphasis to program recipients that they should continue their education to improve their long-term job prospects.

 

State officials praised Ms. Kanter’s remarks.

 

Jack R. Warner, executive director and chief executive of the South Dakota Board of Regents, told Ms. Kanter he was “very pleased to hear” that she planned to push for better coordination and alignment in job-training programs. “I really find a disjunction there,” Mr. Warner said. “Higher education needs to play a stronger role” in such training.

 

The question of how state and federal governments should help working students came up at a conference session about rethinking student aid. Sandy Baum, senior policy analyst for the College Board, said that one needed public-policy conversation was how to best allocate financial aid to adult students. The central question for many students is not how they are going to be able to pay tuition itself—the focus of much current student-aid policy—but how they can afford to pay basic living expenses while classes and study are preventing them from working as many hours as they could, Ms. Baum said.

 

Global Competition

 

On the issue of global competition, Ms. Kanter reiterated the Obama administration’s goal of stepping up American performance so that the United States is atop the world by 2020 in the proportion of residents who hold a degree or certificate. She said her recent conversations at the 2009 World Conference on Higher Education, held by Unesco in Paris last week, had given her ideas for how the United States might improve and made her concerned about how the country could slip behind.

 

Canada’s experience, she said, showed that an emphasis on helping colleges, students, and others adopt best practices—rather than putting a focus on accountability alone—could foster rapid improvement in student success. Her talks with Chinese officials demonstrated how actively other countries were also seeking to move up, she said.

 

During a question-and-answer period following her speech, Ms. Kanter fielded a question about whether the federal government should make at least some education beyond high school available to everyone.

 

Ann E. Daley, executive director of the Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, asked whether the Obama administration had considered a new financing model for higher education, in which the concept of the government’s providing everyone with a public education through the 12th grade would be extended to at least a 13th year.

 

Ms. Kanter said the idea was “certainly worth looking at,” although she did not know whether it was something administration officials were specifically considering.

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Democratic Group’s Proposal: Give Every Student a Kindle

CAROL’S SUMMARY
An influential group of democrats is calling for every college student in the United States to learn from a Kindle. Certainly, costs could be saved in textbook outlays, but a key question remains about the way this technology might need to evolve to be effective for all kinds of learners—not just the verbal-linguistic, reading-inclined student. Here are some things to consider:

1) If students learn from an electronic device than a physical book, how would their study methods need to change and what might that technology need to do to enable student motivation and successful study habits?

2) How much would in-class learning need to change to engage students by providing a more rich learning experience based on human interaction?

3) What provision would need to be made for students who still want a tactile book? What would a transition over time look like where eventually these tools are used in high school?

4) How can learning experts and producers of Kindle-type devices come together for the best, student-centered outcomes?

5) How much will companies listen to students –all kinds—as they develop these devices?

6) How will teaching change in the digital world where providing an “experience” simulated and in person will be at the heart of learning?

7) What do we imagine effective learning to look like a decade from now—through self-paced methods and in-class experiences—and what measurements will we use to gauge progress? How will we se this technology to help the rising tide of developmental students in our country?

ARTICLE
New York Times
by Brad Stone
Some influential members of the Democratic Party want to give electronic reading devices to every student in the country. Amazon.com should like the name of their proposal: “A Kindle in Every Backpack: A Proposal for eTextbooks in American Schools,” by the Democratic Leadership Council, a left-leaning think tank, was published on the group’s Web site Tuesday.

To view the entire article visit
http://bit.ly/QbEJ3

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Aligning Jobs and Training

CAROL’S SUMMARY
According to Obama’s Council of Economic Advisors, jobs requiring an associate’s degree or skills certificate are slated to grow slightly faster than those requiring a 4 year degree. Billions of dollars are proposed to buttress these programs through the nation’s community colleges. Washington state’s model is of Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training is one of the best examples of curricula which match employer’s demands. According to Christina Romer, Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors, “We need to design our curricula with skills employers really need and want.”

America’s community colleges can do more to help students capitalize on the high growth jobs of the future, but they can’t do this in their own silos. Effective outreach to surrounding high schools, “middle college” programs which enroll juniors and seniors in high school in community college classes, and a strategic mission for success K-college is needed by teacher, professors, administrators, business and community leaders. The job market for 2008 looks very similar to the market forecast in 2016: flat in government, retail and finance and booming in health care, education and “green jobs”.

Now that the community colleges look like they will be fully funded for this mission, what can the high schools do to get more students prepared to hit the ground running with college level skills before they enroll in a trade school, a community college or a four-year institution? How can we raise the bar early and often to reverse the tidal wave of developmental learning and replace it with driven, purposeful and committed students who embrace challenge and their ability to contribute in school, at work, at home, in the community and in the world as a whole?

ARTICLE 

Inside Higher Ed

Jobs requiring only an associate degree or skills certificate are projected to grow slightly faster than those requiring at least a bachelor’s degree in the coming decade, according to a new report from President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisors.

The report comes on the eve of a massive federal plan President Obama is about to unveil to help America’s community colleges. An early draft included billions for job training, low-interest loans for building projects and other funding streams to create free online courses. 

To view entire article visit

http://bit.ly/HHciF

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For Uganda’s Poor, a Cellular Connection

CAROL’S SUMMARY
Today’s article focuses on an initiative spearheaded by the Grameen Foundation and Google to provide easy access to information in rural Uganda. Founded by Muhammad Yunus, the Grameen Foundation is leading the way in the fight against global poverty through microfinance and technology-based initiatives. In Uganda , where there are likely more cell phones than there are light bulbs, this initiative has found a unique way to disseminate information on health, agriculture, trade, and the like: text-message based search and query services.

What makes Grameen and Google’s initiative different is the execution: they canvassed citizens to see what information was most needed and stationed more than 10,000 “helpers” in the form of local “village phone operators” who can teach their neighbors how to use the service. This entrepreneurial, innovative approach to bridging Uganda ’s information may have deep impacts far beyond mere snippets of information: it can be used for education, business, improved agriculture and personal empowerment.
If this model can be applied as successfully to educating people in third-world countries what might be possible for the globe? How many more diseases and deaths could be prevented? How many more people could know about their medical and family choices?

Forty years ago today, the United States sent a man to the moon. Today, the world is reminded of the remarkable achievements that are possible when people stretch their imaginations to their fullest capacity to solve problems: including eliminating poverty in our lifetime. The small steps toward educating impoverished people mentioned in this article are a giant opening toward a new possibility: a world where all people have access to education and thereby can contribute their gifts and talents to the world in positive, sustainable ways.

ARTICLE
CNET News
by Dara Kerr

In many parts of the world, electricity is a luxury. People spend hours gathering firewood to cook their dinners or warm their homes. In Uganda, only 10 percent of the population has electricity, the vast majority doesn’t have microwave ovens, computers, or televisions. People don’t have access to the latest information on disease outbreaks, weather forecasts, or soccer championships. But this may soon change.

More than a third of Uganda’s population, about 10 million people, own a cell phone, and many more have access to these phones through family members and neighbors. Cell phones can be found in every desolate corner of the countryside, where 85 percent of the country’s residents live. With the dire need to be connected, people go to great lengths to use cell phones, charging them with car batteries or solar chargers.

To view the entire article visit
http://bit.ly/dluye

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In Search for Intelligence, a Silicon Brain Twitches

Today’s article from the Wall Street Journal describes an array of scientists who are attempting to replicate the structure, functionality and processing power of the human brain. Using supercomputers, these scientists are painstakingly mapping the structure and complexity of animal brains. While the science mentioned in this article is fascinating in and of itself, it also begs the question: How does human intelligence emerge and develop?

Perhaps the most important functions of the human brain mentioned in the article are making connections, expanding knowledge based on prior information, and adapting and evolving one’s thinking. To the scientists, these are the functions that create and expand human intelligence. Essentially, these scientists aren’t simply trying to fire off a series of neurons – they are trying to replicate critical thinking, one of the most complex and powerful functions of the human brain.

The sheer amount of resources – more than ten years and countless millions of dollars – required to even come close to replicating human critical thinking power provides a startling indicator of the power of our minds. When we develop our own abilities to make connections, to plan, to evolve, and to expand our own intelligence, we utilize our own personal “supercomputer” brain power to the fullest. As educators, we must ensure that our students develop the critical thinking abilities needed to maximize the power of their minds. By teaching students to ask powerful questions, compare and contrast information, and move beyond what they already know, we will create a generation of inquisitive, powerful thinkers who will make a difference in the world.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ARTICLE
by By GAUTAM NAIK
For the last four years, Henry Markram has been building a biologically accurate artificial brain. Powered by a supercomputer, his software model closely mimics the activity of a vital section of a rat’s gray matter.

Dubbed Blue Brain, the simulation shows some strange behavior. The artificial “cells” respond to stimuli and suddenly pulse and flash in spooky unison, a pattern that isn’t programmed but emerges spontaneously.

To view entire article visit
http://bit.ly/Rvo9i

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